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Cyclopedia of issues in economics analyzed through the prism of the economies of countries in transition, emerging markets, and developing countries.

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...nd there cannot, therefore, be a universal, or eternal hierarchy. In Western moral systems, the Right to Life supersedes all other rights (includin... ...s are all such cases. This could be argued against by saying that, in the case of economic hardship, f or instance, the damage to the mother's fut... ... Problem In the catechism of capitalism, shares represent the part- ownership of an economic enterprise, usually a firm. The value of shares is dete... ...n of the "Principal-Agent Problem". It is defined thus by the Oxford Dictionary of Economics: "The problem of how a person A can motivate person B ... ...said subversion. The logical outcome is to call for the overthrow of all political systems, as Michael Bakunin suggested. Governments should theref... ...y to communicate (manipulate vocal-verbal-written symbols within structured symbol systems). Yet, we ignore the fact that using the same symbols do... ...ces of survival at any given gauging moment. It is through its role as a universal comparative scale - that it came to acquire the might that it po...

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...he Persians. Two volumes represent Islam, and six the two main indigenous systems of China, Confucian­ ism and Taoism. This great undertaking, planne... ...h the works translated by them belong. By thus rendering these religious systems accessible as a whole to the Western world in authorita­ tive trans... ...ations, Professor Max Muller for the first time placed the historical and comparative study of religions on a solid foundation. But with that large ... ...­ culated to stimulate both the historical investigation of each, and the comparative study of all, of the religious systems dealt with in the serie... ...investigation of each, and the comparative study of all, of the religious systems dealt with in the series. Hence if I were asked to select any one... ...or the Antiquarian-the student of ancient law, customs, manners, art, and economic life. For there is hardly any phase of human life that is not in ...

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...owth, with numerous initiatives implemented to support trade and regional economic capacity building. Japan’s 2010 report on “APEC 2010 Economies’” p... ...APEC Leaders’ Statement on 2010 Bogor Goals Assessment in the 18 th APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting. 2 This study and report follows APEC’s evolving... ...economy government institutions. Source: Survey Results “Poor” railway systems and just “average” ratings for waterways and border facilities indi... ...spondents to what degree SME logistics service providers were utilizing IT systems to manage trade related operations in their economies. Our findi... ...ation in the region, we first investigated the prevalence of web based IT systems to facilitate logistics in the region. On the whole, only 57% of g... ... Supply-chain connectivity across APEC. Pg. 6 by, Centre for International Economics, Canberra & Sydney, June 2009. 31 that education and inform... ...your company use bonded warehouse facilities? Yes / No 3.8 What is your comparative usage of the following logistics modes? Please fill in the % ...

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...l interpretation of certain divinely-inspired texts, millennial scriptures, apocalyptic thought systems, and fundamentalist religious ideologies (s... ...istic Personality Disorder (NPD), but studies did not demonstrate any ethnic, social, cultural, economic, genetic, or professional predilection to ... ...itive behaviours and eliminating negative ones. The father also provides emotional support and economic security, thus stabilizing the family unit... ...s, and accomplishments. Being hunted by his challenged inferiors substantiates the narcissist's comparative superiority. Driven by pathological en... ...l example is a narcissist who changes numerous workplaces, a few careers, myriad hobbies, value systems or faiths. At the same time, he maintains (... ...ck, the criminal, and the mentally- handicapped are denied personal autonomy and are legally and economically dependent on others (or on the authorit... ...s profound implications. Communication through unequivocal, unambiguous, information-rich symbol systems is such an integral and crucial part of our...

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...Definitions Of Religion The Spiritual And Material Worlds Religious Belief Systems Versus An Emotional Response To God Religion As An Organized System... ...o God Religion As An Organized System An Example Of Interrelated Religious Systems The Connection Between Psychology And Religion Buddhism 16 Hindu Be... .... As far as I could see the content hardly seemed to matter. Three thought systems, with three different sets of symbols, but for all that, with littl... ... religion that have general validity. The establishment of a Department of Comparative Religion at the University of Chicago in 1892 might be said to ... ...iversity of Chicago in 1892 might be said to have inaugurated the study of Comparative Religion as an academic discipline in its own right. This happe... ...verts, usually to some form of Christianity. Even now books concerned with Comparative Religion or the History of Religions tend to devote the giant’s... ...eligious ideology that would keep its peoples under its administrative and economic thumb. A single God who is the supreme ruler had for centuries bee... ...onmental Ethics, vol. 1, no. 3, Fall 1979, pp. 255-62. Stites, Sara Henry: Economics of the Iroquois, AMS Press edition, 1978. (First published as the...

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...1. Introduction -- 2. Economic Context For The Estimation Of Trade Transaction Costs -- 3. Estimates Of Trade Transaction Costs -- 4. Sensitivity Tests Of Critical Assumptions -- 5. Conclusions & Recommendations --...

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...October 2011 Prepared by: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Policy Support Unit Asia-Pacific Economic Coo... ...: www.apec.org Produced for: Committee on Trade and Investment Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation APEC#211-SE-01.08 This work is licen... ...preciation to all contributors, including ITS Global, GED Advisory, Institute for Economic and Social Research, and Alicia Say et al. We are also gr... ...ciated with less costly and more efficient electronic procedures than paper-based systems. Most economies had either 100% electronic lodgement or in... ...exports. In 2010, there were 13 APEC economies that had developed single window systems, while an additional five economies were in the process of... ...n international standards and participated in international conformity assessment systems since its establishment in 1989. The Sub-Committee on Stan... ...cifications to enter markets with different regulatory standards 3. Reduction in comparative cost of getting a representative product to market af...

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...d unusual mental lucidity, and she found in biology, and par- ticularly in comparative anatomy, a very considerable inter- est, albeit the illuminatio... ... decent 29 H. G . Wells income—independently.” “Women have practically no economic freedom,” said Miss Miniver, “because they have no political freed... ... should be the Queen. They should never come into contact with politics or economics—or any of those things. And we men would work for them and serve ... ...rms it seemed plausible and possible. But in between these wider phases of comparative confidence were gaps of disconcert- ing doubt, when the univers... ... that they at least had found a way of earning a living, and had that much economic superiority to herself. It did not occur to her that save for some... ...t Portland Street. She was working very steadily at the Advanced Course in Comparative Anatomy, wonder- fully relieved to have her mind engaged upon o... ...hould be thinking about biology. She was very greatly exercised by the two systems of val- ues—the two series of explanations that her comparative ana...

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...odern philosophy: The philosophy of science and religion, the cognitive sciences, cultural studies, aesthetics, art and literature, the philosophy of economics, the philosophy of psychology, and ethics....

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...nd there cannot, therefore, be a universal, or eternal hierarchy. In Western moral systems, the Right to Life supersedes all other rights (includin... ...s are all such cases. This could be argued against by saying that, in the case of economic hardship, f or instance, the damage to the mother's fut... ... Problem In the catechism of capitalism, shares represent the part- ownership of an economic enterprise, usually a firm. The value of shares is dete... ...n of the "Principal-Agent Problem". It is defined thus by the Oxford Dictionary of Economics: "The problem of how a person A can motivate person B ... ...said subversion. The logical outcome is to call for the overthrow of all political systems, as Michael Bakunin suggested. Governments should theref... ...y to communicate (manipulate vocal-verbal-written symbols within structured symbol systems). Yet, we ignore the fact that using the same symbols do... ...ces of survival at any given gauging moment. It is through its role as a universal comparative scale - that it came to acquire the might that it po...

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... in this edition. A new Geography section has replaced the former Land and Water sections. Entries in the new section include area (total and land), comparative area, land boundaries, coastline, maritime claims, boundary disputes, climate, terrain, land use, environment, and special notes. In the Government section, a new entry on dependent areas has also been added....

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...nd Water sections. Entries in the new section include area (total and land), comparative area, land boundaries, coastline, maritime claims, boundary d... ...nd/or coastlines, excluding inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs, rivers). Comparative areas are based on total area equivalents. Boundary disputes:... ...re projected for 1987-91. Notes, Definitions, and Abbreviations (continued) Economic abbreviations: ave. average bbl barrel (159 liters, 42 gallons) ... ...gional map VIII Geography Total area: 647,500 km 2 ; land area: 647,500 km 2 Comparative area: about the size of Texas Land boundaries: 5,510 km total... ...) Life expectancy: men 40.6, women 42.9 Literacy: 20% Labor force: 2,783,000 economically active (mid-1985 est); 85% agriculture, 15% industry Organiz... ...ton, D.C. Coastline: 153 km Maritime claims: Contiguous zone: 24 nm Extended economic zone: 200 nm Territorial sea: 12 nm Climate: tropical marine; li... ...apital), and 1 territory Legal system: mixture of US and West European legal systems; constitution adopted 1853 is in effect; has not accepted compuls... ...munications: highly developed and efficient; extensive TV and radiobroadcast systems with 6 AM, 693 FM, 910 TV stations; 1 INTELSAT (for Atlantic and ... ...ways: Lake Tanganyika; 1 lake port, at Bujumbura, connects to transportation systems of Zaire and Tanza- nia Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft Air...

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...to the Minister of Labour and Social Policy By: Dr. Sam Vaknin Formerly Economic Advisor to the Government of the Republic of Macedonia Skopje... ...set wages. Wages and unemployment benefits are perceived as complementary economic stabilizers (contra the business cycle). Another possibility ... ...ll – as is the case in Belgium (though only for up to 2 months). It makes economic sense, because their activities replace social outlays. In Bri... ...omic sectors and act to support them. The education and higher education systems will be re-directed and encouraged to produce the skills needed by... ...and modems, software authoring and many other sectors where Macedonia has comparative advantages. 9. The government will encourage community-level... ... The economist, July 12 th , 1997, p.78 16. “Agricultural Productivity, Comparative advantage and Economic Growth”, Journal of Economic Theory 58,... ...nomic sectors and act to support them. The education and higher education systems will be re-directed and encouraged to produce the skills needed by... ...nd modems, software authoring and many other sectors where Macedonia has comparative advantages. 22. The government will encourage community-leve... ... help satisfy some of the skill needs [in the EU]. Reforms of tax benefit systems may be necessary to help people make up their minds to move to a l...

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...ic drugs and alcohol. Human environment contains ever more risks, security systems, iron fencing. In cities, almost half of all marriages end in divor... ...y life. Is it all repeated in Thailand? This land, dubbed the Asian Little Economic Tiger, because it is following in the footsteps of great Japan? Or... ... lifestyle changed as people adapted to 'modern development', their global economic, technological and cultural environment. Later, the project title ... ...an communities to surrounding nature, the habitat, but to 'reality', those economic, political and social conditions that the natural environment also... ...s work, as in all my other research projects, I have endeavoured to obtain comparative data from several localities or over a long period, and also to... ...hat also affected the villagers' lives and is reflected in their accounts. Comparative statistical data was collected by questionnaires which were ret... ...pinion polls (Table 5A). A couch, cabinets with glazed doors, stereo sound systems, television and refrigerator appeared downstairs; the upstairs beca... ...er, like self-sufficient agrarian villages everywhere. Local environmental systems created a culture that included shared events of the farming season... ...f international statistics on economics, sociology and education, uniform comparative figures for development and growth (imperialism of cultural m...

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...ce 60 FOUR TYPES O F SOCIAL PRICE 61 Time 61 Effort 62 Lifestyie 62 Psyche 62 ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES 63 IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL PRICE IN MARKETING ... ...r than the idea it supersedes. The degree of relative advantage may be measured in economic terms, but often social prestige factors, convenience an... ...n to make delivery. Other factors are beyond the marketer's control, for example, economic conditions, government regulation, labor union activity ... ...l cause of fluoridation. The same may be said for a marketer of pollution-control systems to industry. 27 Grey Areas in the Model ... ...vironment. In many cases compliance has necessitated large expenditures by school systems for equipment, structural modification in buildings and sp... ...s audience? 4. What are the opposing forces competing with us and what is our comparative advantage? An assessment must be made of the ins... ...ieties and to "cut-off' segments of other societies, but not to most modern social systems. The fmal pattern suggested by Rogers is the multistep... ...r inferences, motivations and subconscious feelings. As a basis for analysis of comparative consumption decision making, a matrix (Appendix C) was... ...ormer group as materialists and those in the latter as idealists, what follows are comparative descriptive consumer profIles to emerge from the stud...

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... the market. But after it had stopped there on the path, for political or economic reasons, I don’t know, the book was withdrawn. It has become a ... ...the explanation given by the literary historian Ion Rotaru who, through a comparative “opening”, understand this propensity of the paradoxist author ... ...oken by nonlinear pictures, metaphoric equations of the unusual, abstract systems of thinking, one second breathings...” (Mathematical literature). ... ...e, the philosophy is an amalgam of counterposed ideas naming antagonistic systems. With one consent and brought to the essence, the paradox develops... ...m. We are requested the awakening from the dogmatic sleep of the imposing systems and styles: to become capable to understand that there is a truth ...

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...me, inevitably the scenical features (what aesthetically may be called the comparative advantages) of the several murders are reviewed and valued. One... ...really had moral and spiritual relations, how much more with regard to the comparative trifles (as in the ultimate relations of human nature they are)... ... to have descended into the communi- cation of truth merely scientific, or economic, or worldly. And the three reasons are these:—First, Because such ... ...ing an answer, in connection with this revival, was one with regard to the comparative fitness of the Antigone for giving a representative idea of the... ... comets (according to the theory of some speculators)—to connect different systems together. No doubt there is much truth in this: a few Leibnitzes in...

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...n, the first made by any power, being formed on great consid eration of the comparative strength and resources of the parties, the length of time, an... ...ease of population. Our system was supposed to be adapted only to boundaries comparatively narrow. These have been widened beyond conjecture; the memb... ...s can commit no greater error than to adopt or continue any feature in their systems of government which may be calculated to create or increase the l... ...of the Union, I shall steadily oppose the creation of those institutions and systems which in their nature tend to pervert it from its legitimate purp... ...proposition that no more money shall be collected than the necessities of an economical administration shall require all parties seem to acqui esce. ... ...greater danger of overthrow if our present population were con fined to the comparatively narrow limits of the original thirteen States than it is no... ... ben efits realized will be equal and mutual. Of the compli cated European systems of national polity we have here tofore been independent. From th... ... from the people than the amount necessary to defray the expenses of a wise, economical, and efficient administration of the Government. To reach this... ...forbear for the present from expressing an opinion as to the wisest and most economical mode in which the Government can lend its aid in accomplishing...

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...ty and ignorance, I assure them earnestly that I know ten times as much of economics and a hundred times as much of practical administration as Marx d... ...hanging the minds of those who read it, in spite of its unsound capitalist economics, its pa- rade of quotations from books which the author had eithe... ... forces of love- lessness and greed had built up our own sordid capitalist systems, driven by invisible proprietorship, robbing the poor, defacing the... ...n and law and intellect, which would never themselves have discovered such systems, their natural bent being towards welfare, economy, and life instea... ... votion to his system of government, but he knows perfectly well that such systems, in spite of their moral pretensions, serve selfish and ambitious t... ...the mere necessities of the case, giving way to ordered Socialism. For the economic rationale of this, I must refer disciples of Siegfried to a tract ... ... them, to be conscious of the void himself. Wagner, on the other hand, was comparatively a practical man. It is possible to learn more of the world by... ...ody dreams of disputing the greater difficulty of the prose forms, and the comparative triviality of versification. Yet in dramatic music, as in dra- ...

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...n whom they had displaced. Miss Wilson’s young ladies, being instructed in economics, knew that this proved that the land was being used to produce wh... ...lege to other colleges is due, not to any difference of system, but to the comparative rea- sonableness of its laws and the mildness and judgment with... ...buy labor in the cheapest market, and our poor friend, just as ignorant of economics as Sir John, of course did not know that this was untrue. However... ...urt dress, was only £150, I cannot see how I could possibly have been more economical, unless you ex- pect me to go in rags. I am sorry that Madame Sm... ...common deal table with oil cans and paint pots upon it. At the other end a comparatively luxurious show was made by a large bookcase, an elaborate com... ... policy without Socialism. The theory of Free T rade is only applicable to systems of exchange, not to systems of spoliation. Our system is one of spo... ...ught of him as an upright and perfect man deeply inter- ested in her. Yet, comparatively liberal as her education had been, she had no idea of any int...

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... the child as being rather amusing to irritate you; also the child, having comparatively no nerves, may be unable to conceive your meaning vividly eno... ...lt against their industrial slavery. The most important simple fundamental economic truth to impress on a child in complicated civili- zations like ou... ...on before his own turn comes. 29 Shaw Taboo in Schools THE SUPPRESSION of economic knowledge, disastrous as it is, is quite intelligible, its corrupt... ...ust not pretend, then, that I have a system ready to replace all the other systems. Obstructing the way of the proper organization of childhood, as of... ...n children as a necessary part of their social training. The result of our economic folly is that we are a nation of undesirable acquaintances; and th... ...ven in its present delusive form, has enabled Democracy to oust tyrannical systems in spite of all its vulgarities and stupidi- ties and rancors and i... ...ater, the facts of age and time still inexorably con- demn most parents to comparative solitude when their chil- dren marry. This may be a privation a... ...ersion is a great work of literary art, and the continen- tal versions are comparatively artless. T o read a dull book; to listen to a tedious play or...

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... of rat and lizard? What are Olympiads and Consulates to these neighboring systems of being? Nay, what food or experience or suc- cor have they for t... ...or that is the incoming of God himself, or absolute existence, without any comparative. Material good has its tax, and if it came without desert or sw... ...h we call so. We form no guess, at the time of receiving a thought, of its comparative value. And education often wastes its effort in attempts to thw... ...nate; let him accept and hive every fact of chemistry, natural history and economics; the more he has, the less is he willing to spare any one. Time i... ...onstructive intellect produces thoughts, sentences, poems, plans, designs, systems. It is the generation of the mind, the marriage of thought with nat... ...ric jar, the prism, and the chemist’s retort; in which we seek now only an economical use. Is not the selfish and even cruel aspect which belongs to o... ...emblems; but we sympathize with the symbols, and being infatuated with the economical uses of things, we do not know that they are thoughts. The poet,... ...ower to sap and upheave nature; how great the perspective! nations, times, systems, enter and disappear like threads in tapestry of large figure and m... ... and it leaves out praise and blame and all weak emotions. All stealing is comparative. If you come to absolutes, pray who does not steal? Saints are ...

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...eads behind them, and not seeing where they fell. Most men, even in this comparatively free country, through mere ignorance and mistake, are so occu... ... that after the lapse of a season the latter becomes the most fashionable. Comparatively, tattooing is not the hideous custom which it is called. It i... ...d, “is not this railroad which we have built a good thing?” Yes, I answer, comparatively good, that is, you might have done worse; but I wish, as you ... ... point, and as one not interested in the success or failure of the present economical and social arrangements. I was more independent than any farmer ... ... The reader will perceive that I am treating the sub ject rather from an economic than a dietetic point of view, and he will not venture to put my a... ...f you deny yourself no more, if you are not more religious? I know of many systems of religion esteemed heathenish whose pre cepts fill the reader wi...

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...l abnormal things and to great, while such epi- thets as “vast” are merely comparative. The cavern of the myrmeleon is vast in comparison with the hol... ...n to the ribs had taken place. These appearances in the right lobe were of comparatively recent date. The ossification had proceeded with very unusual... ... intentions of Jehovah, out of these inten- tions he built his innumerable systems of mind. In the matter of phrenology, for example, we first determi... ...tle nooks or recesses, the odds and ends of the struc- ture; and these the economic ingenuity of Dr. Bransby had also fitted up as dormitories; althou...

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...doxy is stifling to any free exercise of intellect. This cause, as well as economic prejudice, has made it difficult for the “in- tellectuals” to co-o... ... safety or privileges, it includes all who advocate any great political or economic change, and all classes which, through their pov- erty or through ... ...ge-earner in existing society. All three also have much in common in their economic doctrine. All three regard capital and the wages sys- tem as a mea... ...igin in material conditions, and these he takes to be embodied in economic systems. Political constitutions, laws, religions, philosophies—all these h... ...e.” However, in 1857, after eight years of captiv- ity, he was sent to the comparative freedom of Siberia. From there, in 1861, he succeeded in escapi... ... to prove that, if production were more scientific and better organized, a comparatively small amount of quite agreeable work would suffice to keep th... ...me la- bor for the satisfaction of our wants is not imposed by politi- cal systems or by the exploitation of the working classes; it is due to physica... ... pay for the work which is considered more valu- able. All these different systems are compatible with the com- mon ownership of land and capital, tho... ...vided he were willing to “scorn delights and live laborious days.” And the comparatively small num- ber of men with an invincible horror of work—the s...

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...had talked to the President in Washington, visited Philadelphia, and had a comparatively loitering afternoon in New York. What had I to say about it? ... ...t Look at India, again, and South Africa. Is it not manifest that from the economic and busi- ness points of view each of these is an entirely separat... ...entirely upon British gold—those impassioned British imperialist views the economic link theory would lead me to expect. And another link, too, upon w... ...pan in Welt-Politik is our ally. You see, the British Empire has no common economic in- terests and no natural common enemy. It is not adapted to any ... ...y the most foolish is this, that we are in “an age of specialisation.” The comparative fruitfulness and hopefulness of our social order, in comparison... ...ty as a whole would, I believe, get far more out of a man if he had such a comparatively brief passion of toil than if he worked, with occasional laps... ...ilities open to the race; the traditional life of mankind, its traditional systems of association, are challenged and threatened; and all the social t... ...r that from the gradually evolved societies of Europe. The European social systems grow and flower upon their roots, in soil which has made them and t... ...lf million were born and brought up in one or other of the European social systems, and the parents of an- other twenty-six millions were foreigners. ...

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...out exaggeration, that the measure of the worth of any social institution, economic, domestic, 11 John Dewey political, legal, religious, is its effe... ... addi- tion, the written form tends to select and record matters which are comparatively foreign to everyday life. The achievements accumulated from g... ...e is in a country like our own a variety of races, religious affiliations, economic divisions. Inside the modern city, in spite of its nominal politic... ...matter. There were many societies, but each, within its own territory, was comparatively homo- geneous. But with the development of commerce, trans- p... ... it, control has in this view a flavor of coercion or compulsion about it. Systems of government and theo- ries of the state have been built upon this... ..., the attitude of one would not get over to alter the attitude of another. Comparatively speaking, such modes of influence may be regarded as personal... ...been loaded by all the successes which have preceded. Stimuli conducive to economical and effective response, such as our system of roads and means of... ... future, rewards for their present sacrifices. Everybody knows how largely systems of pun- ishment have had to be resorted to by educational sys- tems... ...r counterparts in formulations which have been made in classic philosophic systems; and that they involve the chief problems of philosophy—such as min...

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...cal origin of such abnormalities of the mind as are called “criminal” is a comparatively new idea. The whole subject has long been dealt with from the... ...minal code deals with the rights of property; yet nearly all of this is of comparatively modern growth. A new emotion may take possession of man which... ...t from it, which together make up the nervous system of man. None of these systems is perfect. They are of all degrees of imper- fection down to the u... ...vironment they will fail, or “go down.” Tens of thousands of men live in a comparatively easy environment and pass their lives as useful citizens with... ... be complete. There are too many weak machines, too many defective nervous systems, too many badly organized brains. Accidents are inevitable, and som... ...aid down and thus urging their violation. With weak machines and imperfect systems, where not only are the restrictions imperfect, the habits not well... ...re to withstand. While most crimes against persons are not directly due to economic causes, still the indirect effect of property is gener- ally prese... ...t be reckoned with in our conclusions with regard to present-day behavior, economic or otherwise. During the last thirty years, psychological laborato... ...e prevented if the state would undertake to improve the general social and economic condition of those who get the least. Only a fraction of the money...

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...p deepest while fancying our selves most awake! Which of your Philosophical Systems is other than a dream theorem; a net quotient, confidently given ... ...ath, the worst death, a spiritual. What are your Axioms, and Categories, and Systems, and Aphorisms? Words, words. High Air castles are cunningly buil... ...yet, in such winter seasons of Denial, it is for the nobler minded perhaps a comparative misery to have been born, and to be awake and work; and for t... ...n him a public graduate. But omitting these broken, unsatisfactory thrums of Economical relation, let us present rather the following small thread of ... ...the world an additional horse’s power in the grand corn mill or hemp mill of Economic Society. For me too had such a leading string been provided; onl... ...ust profess ourselves unable to explain. Certain Landlords’ Bills, and other economic Documents, bearing the mark of Settlement, indicate that he was ... ...t countries, for some eighteenpence a day; but for Fantasy planets and solar systems will not suffice. Witness your Pyrrhus con quering the world, yet... ...like, paint it out for himself: considering only that if he, for his perhaps comparatively insignificant mistress, underwent such agonies and frenzies,... ...and a whole Infernal Chase in his rear; so that the countenance of Hunger is comparatively a friend’s! Thus must he, in the temper of ancient Cain, or...

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...een done in England in tracing the course of evolution in nature, history, economics, morals and religion, little had been done in tracing the develop... ...s difficulties; (2) Indirect reasons, derived from observation of animals (comparative psychology) and of the insane and hysterical (psycho-analysis).... ...ingly in this first lecture I shall try to give a brief description of the systems of ideas within which our investigation is to be carried on. If the... ... force an outlet for itself; hence it becomes necessary to entertain whole systems of false beliefs in order to hide the nature of what is desired. Th... ... great minuteness; so long as we confine our- selves to the observation of comparatively large masses, the way in which the equilibrium will be upset ... ...nue until the result is achieved, after which there is usually a period of comparative quiescence. A cycle of actions of this sort has marks by which ... ...hology is concerned essentially with ac- tual particulars, not merely with systems of particulars. In this it differs from physics, which, broadly spe...

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...o cost them so dear. Surely a conclusive example how far mere physical and economic power is from being the whole of social power. It was not by any c... ...us consider the example of an opposite character afforded by another and a comparatively insignificant Oriental people—the Jews. They, too, had an abs... ...ual tyranny which was of more than daily occurrence under the 43 J S Mill systems of plunder which they called fiscal arrangements, and in the secrec... ...to do cheerfully without what can not be had, a just ap preciation of the comparative value of different objects of desire, and a willing renunciatio... ...ion, the direct management of public af fairs, is in the hands of persons comparatively free from these defects, more good would frequently be done b... ..., and every advantage of indirect elec tion is obtained under direct. The systems only diverge in their operation if we suppose that the voter would ... ...nd Scotland. Perhaps, however, this undisturbed co existence of two legal systems under one united Legislature, making different laws for the two sec...

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...tached passages, such as the Dutch War of Inde pendence, I knew and cared comparatively little. A volun tary exercise, to which throughout my boyhoo... ...the tendency towards Liberalism in general, and the Benthamic and politico economic form of it in particular, which showed itself in a portion of the ... ... our Debating Society, where we accordingly discussed for two evenings the comparative merits of Byron and Wordsworth, propound ing and illustrating ... ...vil worth any struggle to get rid of; not on account of taxes, or any such comparatively small inconvenience, but as the great demoralizing agency in ... ... energy that tyranny of society over the individual which most Socialistic systems are supposed to involve, we yet looked forward to a time when socie... ...lief to immediate destitution with permanent improvement of the social and economical con dition of the Irish people. But the idea was new and strang... ...n of political economists confuse these together, under the designation of economic laws, which they deem incapable of being defeated or modified by h...